- Below you can download free corbel font. This font uploaded 8 January 2013. Corbel font viewed 11739 times and downloaded 3953 times. See preview corbel font, write comments, or download corbel font for free. This font available for Windows 7 and Mac OS in TrueType(.ttf) and OpenType(.otf) format.
- Installing a Corbel There are numerous ways to install a corbel or bracket. Choosing the correct method is largely dictated by the location of the installation and the sort of load it is going to be carrying. Further considerations would include accessibility to the mounting surface and whether or not you can disguise the evidence of mounting on the parts of the corbel that are visible.
Corbel is designed to give an uncluttered and clean appearance on screen. The letter forms are open with soft, flowing curves. It is legible, clear and functional at small sizes. The Hafele Hand-Carved Corbels and Ornaments are perfect for dressing up your kitchen cabinetry. Omega National These Omega National Mouldings & Valences are available in a variety of wood species. They come in multiple widths and look great in any kitchen. Federal Brace Federal Brace Corbels are routed and fitted to make installing your corbel. A Corbel by definition is; 'A piece of stone jutting out of a wall to carry any superincumbent weight'. Often these pieces of stone were carved with various details to enhance the visual appeal of the exterior or interior of a building. These polyurethane corbels are designed to replicate that detail work but should not be considered for.
| Category | Humanist sans-serif |
|---|---|
| Designer(s) | Jeremy Tankard |
| Foundry | Microsoft |
| License | Proprietary |
Corbel is a humanistsans-seriftypeface designed by Jeremy Tankard for Microsoft and released in 2005. It is part of the ClearType Font Collection, a suite of fonts from various designers released with Windows Vista. All start with the letter C to reflect that they were designed to work well with Microsoft's ClearType text rendering system, a text rendering engine designed to make text clearer to read on LCD monitors. The other fonts in the same group are Calibri, Cambria, Candara, Consolas and Constantia.
Design[edit]
In a blurb for its use, Corbel was described as 'designed to give an uncluttered, clean appearance on screen. The letter forms are open with soft, flowing curves. It is legible and clear at small sizes. At larger sizes the detailing and style of the shapes is more apparent.' The italic style is a true italic, with influences from serif fonts and calligraphy, with many letters gaining a tail pointing to the right. Many aspects of its design are similar to Calibri and Candara, which are also humanist sans-serif designs; like them it is slightly more condensed than average. Font designer Raph Levien, reviewing it for Typographica, described it as similar to Frutiger.[1] Tankard described his aims in the family's design: 'I wanted to move away from theround i-dot sans fonts we've seen a lot of recently. Less cuddly, more assertive. I wanted the italic to be expressive, not a sloped roman.'[2]
Corbel by default renders numbers as text figures (old style or lowercase numerals), which are preferred for integrating figures into running text. This is an uncommon choice in sans-serif faces, especially those designed for display on a screen, but several of the other ClearType fonts also make this the default option; lining figures can be suggested using an OpenType stylistic alternates menu or CSSfont-variant-numeric:lining-nums. Text figures are also found in Microsoft's serif Georgia typeface.
Releases[edit]
It is distributed with Microsoft Excel Viewer, Microsoft PowerPoint Viewer,[3][4] the Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack[5] for Microsoft Windows and the Open XML File Format Converter for Mac.[6]
For use in other operating systems, such as GNU/Linux, cross-platform use and web use it is not available as a freeware and is licensed and sold by Ascender.
References[edit]
- ^Levien, Raph. 'Microsoft's ClearType Font Collection: A Fair and Balanced Review'. Typographica. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
- ^Now read this: the Microsoft ClearType font collection. Redmond: Microsoft Corporation. 2004. pp. 36-42 etc.
- ^'Download Excel Viewer from Official Microsoft Download Center'. Microsoft.
- ^'Download PowerPoint Viewer from Official Microsoft Download Center'. Microsoft.
- ^'Download Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint File Formats from Official Microsoft Download Center'. Microsoft.
- ^'Download Open XML File Format Converter for Mac 1.2.1 from Official Microsoft Download Center'. Microsoft.
External links[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Corbel. |
- Microsoft Cleartype Font Collection at Microsoft Typography
- Van Wagener, Anne (2005-02-18). 'The Next Big Thing in Online Type'. Poynter Online. Retrieved 2016-02-17.Cite has empty unknown parameters:
|curly=and|coauthors=(help)
Introduction
Corbel is a short structural element that cantilevers out from column/wall to support load. Generally, the corbel is casted monolithically with column/wall.
There are several typical modes of failure in the corbel. The most common of which are yielding of the tension tie, failure of the end anchorages of the tension tie, either under the load point or in the column, failure of the compression strut by crushing or shearing, and local failures under the bearing plate.
The following figures shows the failure mode of corbel
Design of Corbel
The corbel must be designed to resist simultaneously Vu, a factored moment Mu and a factored horizontal tensile force Nuc. ACI Code Section 11.8 requires corbels having a/d between 1 and 2 to designed using Appendix A, strut-and-tie models, where a is the distance from the load to the face of column and d is the depth of the corbel below the tie, measured at the face of the column. Corbels having a/d less than or equal 1 may be designed using either strut-and-tie models or traditional ACI designed method, Section 11.8. This paper presents Corbels design according to traditional ACI method.
ACI Design Method
Shear Design of Corbel
To avoid the crack that occurs in the interface of the corbel and the column we must provide the shear friction reinforcement perpendicular with the cracks direction. We use coefficient of friction μ to transform the horizontal resisting force into vertical resisting force.
The nominal shear strength of shear reinforcement can be determined using equations below
Vn = Avf fy μ for vertical shear friction reinforcement, and
Vn = Avf fy (μ sin αf + cos αf) for inclined shear reinforcement
where
Vn : nominal shear strength of shear friction reinforcement
Avf : area of shear friction reinforcement
fy : yield strength of shear friction reinforcement
μ : coefficient of friction
| Method | Coefficient of Friction, μ |
| Concrete cast monolithic | 1.4λ |
| Concrete placed against roughened hardened concrete | 1.0λ |
| Concrete placed against unroughened hardened concrete | 0.6λ |
| Concrete anchored to structural steel | 0.7λ |
The value of λ is 1.0 for normal weight concrete, 0.85 for sand light weight concrete and 0.75 for all light weight concrete.
The maximum nominal shear force, Vn shall not exceed the smallest of 0.2 fc' bw d and 5.5 bw d, where
fc' : compression strength of concrete (MPa)
bw : width of corbel section (mm)
d : effective depth of corbel (mm)
Flexural Design of Corbel
The corbel is designed to resist ultimate flexural moment result from the supported beam reaction, Vu and horizontal force from creep and shrinkage, Nuc. The minimum value of Nuc is 0.2 Vu and not greater than Vu.
Tension Reinforcement
The ultimate horizontal force, Nuc shall be resisted by tension reinforcement as follow
An = Nuc / ϕfy
Where:
An : area of tension reinforcement
Nuc : ultimate horizontal force at corbel
fy : yield strength of shear friction reinforcement
ϕ : strength reduction factor
Flexural Reinforcement
The ultimate flexure moment, Mu is
Mu = Vu av + Nuc (h – d)
Where:
Mu : ultimate flexure moment
Vu : ultimate shear force
av : distance from Vu to the face of column
Nuc : ultimate horizontal force at corbel
h : height of corbel
d : effective depth of corbel
Mu ≤ ϕ Af fy (d-a/2) where
a = Af fy / 0.85f'c b
From the equation above, area of flexural reinforcement, Afcan be determined using trial and error. As first trial, (d – a/2) can be assumed 0.9d so that
Af ≥ Mu / ϕ fy (0.9d)
For practical reason, the value of (d – a/2) can be used 0.85d
Af ≥ Mu / ϕ fy (0.85d)
After finding Avf, An, and Af, we must then calculate the primary tension reinforcement Asc from the larger of Af + An and 2Avf/3 + An
Reinforcement Limits
The primary steel reinforcement at corbel design,
Asc shall not be less than 0.04 fc‘ bw d /fy
The horizontal closed stirrups,
Ah shall not be less than 0.5 (Asc – An)
Distribution of Corbel Reinforcement
The horizontal closed stirrups, Ah shall be distributed uniformly within (2/3) d adjacent to primary tension reinforcement.
Design Procedure
Step 1. Find factored shear Vu and tensile force Nuc
If Nuc is not specified, use a minimum value of Nuc = 0.2 Vu(ACI 11.9.3.4)
Compute nominal values of shear and tensile force
Vn = Vu / 0.75 ; Nnc = Nuc / 0.75
If Vn > 0.2 fc' b d OR
Redis for mac. Vn > 5.5 b d then section size is inadequate (ACI 11.9.3.2)
Step 2. Compute shear-friction reinforcement (ACI 11.7.4.1)
Avf = Vn /μ fy
Corbel For Mantel
Step 3. Calculate required flexural reinforcement (11.9.3.3)
Mu = Vu av + Nuc (h – d)
Af = Mu / ϕ fy (jd) (assume jd = 0.85d)
Step 4. Reinforcement to carry tensile force (ACI 11.9.3.4)
An = Nuc / ϕfy
Step 5. Required main flexural steel (Asc) is given by (ACI 11.9.3.5 and 11.9.5)
the larger of
Af + An and 2Avf/3 + An
Step 6. Provide closed horizontal stirrups (ACI 11.9.4):
Ah = 0.5 (Asc – An)
Ensure adequate detailing (ACI 11.9.6 & 11.9.7)
Example
Corbel Geometri
Width of corbel, b = 300 mm
Total thickness of corbel, h = 500 mm
Depth to main reinforcement, d = 450 mm
Material Properties
Yield strength of reinforcement, fy = 415 Mpa
Compressive strength of concrete, fc' = 35 Mpa
Normal weight concrete, λ = 1
Coefficient friction, μ = 1.4 x λ = 1.4
Design Load Data
Factored vertical load, Vu = 370 kN
Distance from face to column, a = 100 mm
Horizontal force, Nu = 75 kN
Strength reduction factor, ϕ = 0.75
Design Procedure
Step 1. Find factored shear Vu and tensile force Nuc
Vu = 370 kN
Nuc_min = 0.2 x 370 = 74 kN
Nuc_act = the larger of 74 kN and 75 kN
= 75 kN
Compute nominal value of shear and tensile force
Vn = 370 / 0.75 = 493.33 kN
Nnc = Nuc / 0.75 = 100 kN
Check section
0.2 x fc'x b x d = 945.0 kN > 493.33 kN
5.5 x b x d = 742.5 kN > 493.33 kN
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Section is OK
Step 2. Compute shear-friction reinforcement (ACI 11.7.4.1)
Avf = Vn /μ fy = 493.33 / (1.4×415) = 849.11 mm2
Step 3. Calculate required flexural reinforcement (11.9.3.3)
Mu = Vu av + Nuc (h – d) = 370 x 1000 x 100 + 75 x 1000 (500-450)
Af = Mu / ϕ fy (0.85d) =342.28 mm2
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Step 4. Reinforcement to carry tensile force (ACI 11.9.3.4)
An = Nuc / ϕfy = 75×1000 / 0.75×415 =240.96 mm2
Step 5. Required main flexural steel (Asc) is given by (ACI 11.9.3.5 and 11.9.5)
Af + An = 342.28 + 240.96 = 583.25 mm2
2Avf/3 + An = 2/3 849.11 + 240.96 = 807.04 mm2
Asc = 807.04 mm2
Use 3 dia 20 bars
Asc_prov = 3 x 314 = 942 mm2
ϕ : strength reduction factor
Flexural Reinforcement
The ultimate flexure moment, Mu is
Mu = Vu av + Nuc (h – d)
Where:
Mu : ultimate flexure moment
Vu : ultimate shear force
av : distance from Vu to the face of column
Nuc : ultimate horizontal force at corbel
h : height of corbel
d : effective depth of corbel
Mu ≤ ϕ Af fy (d-a/2) where
a = Af fy / 0.85f'c b
From the equation above, area of flexural reinforcement, Afcan be determined using trial and error. As first trial, (d – a/2) can be assumed 0.9d so that
Af ≥ Mu / ϕ fy (0.9d)
For practical reason, the value of (d – a/2) can be used 0.85d
Af ≥ Mu / ϕ fy (0.85d)
After finding Avf, An, and Af, we must then calculate the primary tension reinforcement Asc from the larger of Af + An and 2Avf/3 + An
Reinforcement Limits
The primary steel reinforcement at corbel design,
Asc shall not be less than 0.04 fc‘ bw d /fy
The horizontal closed stirrups,
Ah shall not be less than 0.5 (Asc – An)
Distribution of Corbel Reinforcement
The horizontal closed stirrups, Ah shall be distributed uniformly within (2/3) d adjacent to primary tension reinforcement.
Design Procedure
Step 1. Find factored shear Vu and tensile force Nuc
If Nuc is not specified, use a minimum value of Nuc = 0.2 Vu(ACI 11.9.3.4)
Compute nominal values of shear and tensile force
Vn = Vu / 0.75 ; Nnc = Nuc / 0.75
If Vn > 0.2 fc' b d OR
Redis for mac. Vn > 5.5 b d then section size is inadequate (ACI 11.9.3.2)
Step 2. Compute shear-friction reinforcement (ACI 11.7.4.1)
Avf = Vn /μ fy
Corbel For Mantel
Step 3. Calculate required flexural reinforcement (11.9.3.3)
Mu = Vu av + Nuc (h – d)
Af = Mu / ϕ fy (jd) (assume jd = 0.85d)
Step 4. Reinforcement to carry tensile force (ACI 11.9.3.4)
An = Nuc / ϕfy
Step 5. Required main flexural steel (Asc) is given by (ACI 11.9.3.5 and 11.9.5)
the larger of
Af + An and 2Avf/3 + An
Step 6. Provide closed horizontal stirrups (ACI 11.9.4):
Ah = 0.5 (Asc – An)
Ensure adequate detailing (ACI 11.9.6 & 11.9.7)
Example
Corbel Geometri
Width of corbel, b = 300 mm
Total thickness of corbel, h = 500 mm
Depth to main reinforcement, d = 450 mm
Material Properties
Yield strength of reinforcement, fy = 415 Mpa
Compressive strength of concrete, fc' = 35 Mpa
Normal weight concrete, λ = 1
Coefficient friction, μ = 1.4 x λ = 1.4
Design Load Data
Factored vertical load, Vu = 370 kN
Distance from face to column, a = 100 mm
Horizontal force, Nu = 75 kN
Strength reduction factor, ϕ = 0.75
Design Procedure
Step 1. Find factored shear Vu and tensile force Nuc
Vu = 370 kN
Nuc_min = 0.2 x 370 = 74 kN
Nuc_act = the larger of 74 kN and 75 kN
= 75 kN
Compute nominal value of shear and tensile force
Vn = 370 / 0.75 = 493.33 kN
Nnc = Nuc / 0.75 = 100 kN
Check section
0.2 x fc'x b x d = 945.0 kN > 493.33 kN
5.5 x b x d = 742.5 kN > 493.33 kN
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Section is OK
Step 2. Compute shear-friction reinforcement (ACI 11.7.4.1)
Avf = Vn /μ fy = 493.33 / (1.4×415) = 849.11 mm2
Step 3. Calculate required flexural reinforcement (11.9.3.3)
Mu = Vu av + Nuc (h – d) = 370 x 1000 x 100 + 75 x 1000 (500-450)
Af = Mu / ϕ fy (0.85d) =342.28 mm2
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Step 4. Reinforcement to carry tensile force (ACI 11.9.3.4)
An = Nuc / ϕfy = 75×1000 / 0.75×415 =240.96 mm2
Step 5. Required main flexural steel (Asc) is given by (ACI 11.9.3.5 and 11.9.5)
Af + An = 342.28 + 240.96 = 583.25 mm2
2Avf/3 + An = 2/3 849.11 + 240.96 = 807.04 mm2
Asc = 807.04 mm2
Use 3 dia 20 bars
Asc_prov = 3 x 314 = 942 mm2
Step 6. Provide closed horizontal stirrups (ACI 11.9.4):
Ah = 0.5 (Asc – An)= 0.5(807.04 – 240.96) =283.04 mm2
Corbel Font For Mac
Use 3 dia 8 bars
Ah_prov=2×3×50 = 300 mm2
Sh = (2×d/3)/3 = (2×450/3)/3 = 100 mm
Corbel Macae
Detailed reinforcement
